London Fort: Rediscovering Pithoragarh’s Forgotten Heritage

A Legacy of History and Mystery

Nestled in the heart of Pithoragarh, London Fort is a historical treasure that echoes the legacy of its past rulers. Built in the 18th century by the Gorkha kings, the fort stands as a symbol of strength and strategic importance. Despite its rich history and unique architectural features, this heritage site remained largely unknown for decades. Managed by the Tehsil administration for over 135 years, the fort slowly faded into anonymity. However, with ongoing restoration efforts since July 2015, London Fort is set to reclaim its identity as a cultural landmark of Pithoragarh.

The Gorkha Era: Construction & Defense

Originally known as Bowl ki Garh, the fort was constructed in 1791 by the Gorkha rulers. Designed for defense, the fort featured a strong stone wall, making it nearly impenetrable. Covering an area of 484 square yards at an elevated point in the city, the structure was built with 152 strategically placed gun holes for long-range defense.

The fort’s architectural details include:

• Wall dimensions: 88.5 meters in length, 40 meters in width, and 8.9 feet high with a thickness of 5 feet 4 inches.
• Secret defense features: A hidden basement for documents, a prison house, and a justice building were built within the fort.
• Hidden pathways: Secret doors and underground escape routes were believed to be used during emergencies.
• Self-sufficiency: A well provided water supply, though it was later sealed after an unfortunate incident, and a Peepal tree was planted in its place.

It is said that about 15 rooms exist inside the fort, with the main structure being two stories high, resembling Nepali-style architecture. Gorkha soldiers and feudal lords once occupied these rooms, using the fort as their stronghold.

The British Takeover: A New Identity

Following the Treaty of Sugauli in 1815, colonial rule was established in Kumaon, and the British renamed the fort London Fort. By 1881, the British converted it into a Tehsil office, and in the early 20th century (1910–1920), minor repairs were carried out. However, after independence, new administrative buildings were constructed within the fort premises, leading to damage and loss of its original form.

A Tribute to the Brave: World War I Memorial

Inside the fort, a memorial stone stands as a tribute to the local soldiers who participated in World War I. The inscription records that 1,005 soldiers from Paragna Tire and Johar joined the war, with 32 sacrificing their lives in service.

The Fort’s Revival: A Step Toward Preservation

Today, London Fort is undergoing a major restoration project to revive its historical essence. With an investment of ₹4.65 crore, the District Administration has pledged to preserve the fort’s original structure while transforming it into a cultural and tourism hub. Plans include:

• A dedicated museum to showcase the fort’s history.
• A guest house to accommodate visitors.
• Beautification and structural reinforcement to restore its former grandeur.

Conclusion

London Fort, once a forgotten relic, is now set to reclaim its place in Pithoragarh’s heritage. Whether you’re a history enthusiast, an architecture lover, or a traveler seeking cultural depth, this fort is a must-visit destination. As it stands on the brink of revival, London Fort promises to offer a glimpse into the glorious past of Pithoragarh and its rulers.